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Hindi to Urdu translation It has been a long journey for the Urdu language from its date of origin and evolution. It has attracted and influenced many languages and dialects in India and Pakistan. Today, it is recognized as a major Indian language, second only to Hindi in terms of usage in day-to-day life. Urdu is the official language in certain countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam Republic (Malaysia), Egypt, Indonesia (as Achinese), Iran (Persian Gulf States), Iraq, Kenya (as Swahili), Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan (Kazakhstani part only), Lebanon Egypt Sudan. Communications of the ACM (ACM)-Volume 28, No. 4, April 2005.Translated by Muhammad Rizwan Farooque Nadeem and Maroof Jahanzeb (10th edition)The total number of Urdu speakers in the world is around 208 million: India: 178 million Pakistan: 30 millionSlightly outdated statistics for total Urdu speakers in the world: sources for this section: - "The Encyclopedia of Islam" by John E. Woods, The American University in Cairo Press, 1988 - "The Oxford Companion to the English Language" by Bruce B. Watson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999 - Mustafa A. Khan Urdu is currently the only national language of Pakistan. It remains Pakistan's official language. Urdu speakers are also found in Indian states of both West Bengal and parts of Jammu and Kashmir bordering Azad Kashmir to the North, where they form a significant minority within the population speaking various dialects of Urdu. Urdu is also spoken by significant minorities in Afghanistan (about 8% in Ghazni Province), Bangladesh (15% in Chittagong Division) and other countries. In India, Urdu is both generally and legally recognized as a regional language. Exceptions are the states of Assam and Meghalaya, where English is the official language (more than 70% of the population speaks Bengali) and the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan and Telangana where Hindi is official. In these states Urdu is a vernacular tongue with a significant presence among the population. In Karnataka Urdu was a compulsory subject in schools until 2006. The number of schools teaching Urdu as a compulsory subject have now been reduced to only three schools in Bangalore city alone. In Tamil Nadu, although Urdu is recognized as a regional language in the state, it does not enjoy official status. The usage of Urdu in modern India is seen as a mixture of Hindi and Urdu with popular Indian vernaculars such as Hindustani and English. cfa1e77820
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